Anemia menyebabkan penurunan kadar hemoglobin sehingga mengurangi suplai oksigen ke jaringan dan memicu hipoksia serta stres oksidatif yang dapat menyebabkan kerusakan tubulus ginjal. Daun bayam merah (Amaranthus tricolor L.) mengandung antosianin yang berpotensi sebagai antioksidan, namun penelitian mengenai pengaruhnya terhadap histologi ginjal pada model anemia masih terbatas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian suspensi daun bayam merah terhadap perubahan histologi ginjal pada tikus putih (Rattus norvegicus) model anemia.

Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental laboratorik dengan
rancangan Post Test Only Control Group Design. Sampel penelitian menggunakan 25 ekor tikus putih jantan (Rattus norvegicus) yang dibagi menjadi lima kelompok, yaitu kelompok normal, kelompok anemia, serta kelompok perlakuan yang diberikan suspensi daun bayam merah dosis 200 mg/kgBB, 400 mg/kgBB, dan 600 mg/kgBB. Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap indeks kerusakan tubulus ginjal menggunakan preparat histopatologi yang diwarnai dengan Hematoksilin-Eosin (HE). Data dianalisis menggunakan uji One Way ANOVA yang dilanjutkan dengan uji Least Significant Difference (LSD) pada tingkat kepercayaan 95%.

Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rerata indeks kerusakan tubulus ginjal
pada kelompok normal sebesar 1,14 ± 0,03, kelompok anemia 1,39 ± 0,14,
kelompok dosis 200 mg/kgBB 1,32 ± 0,03, kelompok dosis 400 mg/kgBB 1,31 ±
0,10, dan kelompok dosis 600 mg/kgBB 1,19 ± 0,09. Hasil uji One Way ANOVA
menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna antar kelompok (p < 0,001). Uji lanjut LSD menunjukkan bahwa kelompok dosis 600 mg/kgBB berbeda bermakna dengan kelompok anemia (p = 0,002) dan tidak berbeda bermakna dengan kelompok normal (p = 0,412). Berdasarkan hasil tersebut, pemberian suspensi daun bayam merah mampu menurunkan indeks kerusakan tubulus ginjal pada tikus putih model anemia, dengan efek terbaik diperoleh pada dosis 600 mg/kgBB.

Anemia causes a decrease in hemoglobin levels, thereby reducing oxygen
supply to tissues and triggering hypoxia and oxidative stress, which can lead to
damage to the renal tubules. Red spinach leaves (Amaranthus tricolor L) contain anthocyanins that have antioxidant potential; however, research on their effects on renal histology in an anemia model remains limited. This study aims to determine the effect of administering a red amaranth leaf suspension on changes in renal histology in white rats (Rattus norvegicus) used as an anemia model.

This study is a laboratory-based experimental study using a Post-Test-Only
Control Group Design. The study sample consisted of 25 male white rats (Rattus norvegicus) divided into five groups: a control group, an anemia group, and treatment groups administered red spinach leaf suspensions at doses of 200 mg/kg body weight, 400 mg/kg body weight, and 600 mg/kg body weight. Observations were made on the renal tubular damage index using histopathological preparations stained with Hematoxylin-Eosin (HE). The data were analyzed using a one-way ANOVA followed by the Least Significant Difference (LSD) test at a 95% confidence level.

The results of the study showed that the mean renal tubular damage index
was 1.14 ± 0.03 in the normal group, 1.39 ± 0.14 in the anemia group, 1.32 ± 0.03
in the 200 mg/kg body weight group, 1.32 ± 0.03 in the 400 mg/kgBW group was 1.31 ± 0.10, and in the 600 mg/kgBW dose group, it was 1.19 ± 0.09. The results of the one-way ANOVA test showed there were significant differences among the groups (p < 0.001). The LSD post-hoc test indicated that the 600 mg/kg body weight dose group differed significantly from the anemia group (p = 0.002) and did not differ significantly from the normal group (p = 0.412). Based on these results, administration of red spinach leaf suspension was able to reduce the renal tubular damage index in white rats with anemia, with the best effect observed at a dose of 600 mg/kg body weight.