Transfusi darah berulang merupakan tata laksana utama bagi pasien dengan kondisi kronis seperti talasemia, namun paparan antigen eritrosit minor donor secara terus-menerus dapat meningkatkan risiko terbentuknya alloantibodi pada pasien multitransfusi. Alloantibodi yang terbentuk dapat mempersulit pencarian darah donor yang sesuai dan meningkatkan risiko reaksi transfusi hemolitik, sehingga pemahaman mengenai faktor yang memengaruhinya penting dilakukan, khususnya pada rumah sakit daerah seperti RSUD Welas Asih Bandung.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kejadian alloantibodi pada pasien multitransfusi serta menganalisis korelasi antara frekuensi transfusi dengan terbentuknya alloantibodi. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain observasional analitik cross-sectional pada 40 pasien multitransfusi yang dikelompokkan berdasarkan frekuensi transfusi 50 kali. Skrining alloantibodi dilakukan menggunakan metode Indirect Antiglobulin Test (IAT), dan analisis data dilakukan dengan uji Chi-Square.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan sebanyak 18 responden (45,0%) positif alloantibodi dan 22 responden (55,0%) negatif. Pada kelompok frekuensi transfusi 50 kali (40,9%). Hasil uji Chi-Square menunjukkan nilai p-value sebesar 0,170 (p>0,05), yang berarti tidak terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara frekuensi transfusi dengan terbentuknya alloantibodi. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa frekuensi transfusi tidak berkorelasi signifikan dengan pembentukan alloantibodi pada pasien multitransfusi di RSUD Welas Asih, sehingga skrining antibodi secara berkala tetap perlu dilakukan pada seluruh pasien multitransfusi guna menjaga keselamatan proses transfusi darah.

Kata Kunci: Alloantibodi, Frekuensi Transfusi, Multitransfusi, Skrining Antibodi.

Repeated blood transfusions are the primary management procedure for patients with chronic conditions such as thalassaemia, but continuous exposure to donor erythrocyte minor antigens may increase the risk of alloantibody formation in multitransfusion patients. The alloantibodies formed can make it difficult to find suitable donor blood and increase the risk of hemolytic transfusion reactions, so understanding of the factors that affect it is important, especially in regional hospitals such as the Bandung Compassion Hospital.
This study aims to determine the incidence of alloantibodies in multitransfusion patients and analyze the correlation between transfusion frequency and the formation of alloantibodies. This study used a cross-sectional analytical observational design on 40 multitransfusion patients who were grouped by transfusion frequency 50 times. Alloantibody screening was carried out using the Indirect Antiglobulin Test (IAT) method, and data analysis was carried out with the Chi-Square test.
The results showed that as many as 18 respondents (45.0%) were positive for alloantibodies and 22 respondents (55.0%) were negative. In the transfusion frequency group 50 times (40.9%) group. The results of the Chi-Square test showed a p-value of 0.170 (p>0.05), which means that there was no significant relationship between transfusion frequency and the formation of alloantibodies. It can be concluded that the frequency of transfusions does not significantly correlate with the formation of alloantibodies in multitransfusion patients at Belas Asih Hospital, so regular antibody screening still needs to be carried out in all multitransfusion patients to maintain the safety of the blood transfusion process.

Keywords: Allontibody, Transfusion Frequency, Multitransfusion, Antibody Screening.